This Science & Technology Trends 2025-2045

Uncover the future of science and technology (S&T) in the S&T Macro Trends Report 2025–2045. Explore socio-technical trends that will redefine the technology landscape and drive economic, geopolitical, and societal changes over the next two decades.

Learn how breakthrough innovations are impacting defence, military operations, and enterprise functions. Building on past insights, this report reveals how evolving S&T is reshaping strategic choices within NATO and beyond, connecting research with real-world applications.

The report complements existing foresight work across NATO and provides actionable insights that empower strategic decision-making. It offers a clear view of emerging trends and challenges, enabling senior leaders and practitioners to make informed choices that will shape the future.

About NATO Science & Technology Organization (STO)

We drive innovation, forge strategic partnerships, and deliver evidence-based S&T advice to enhance decision-making and boost military capabilities. Through three dedicated Programmes of Work, we empower nations and NATO planners to seize new opportunities and overcome emerging threats.

About NATO STO

Macro Trend 1

Evolving Competition Areas

As global strategic competition intensifies, advances in science and technology will reshape competition across both traditional and non-traditional domains – including cyber, space, hybrid, and information. This trend will further increase reliance on S&T.

Macro Trend 2

Race for AI and Quantum Superiority

Artificial intelligence and quantum computing will transform industries in the next 20 years, with competition among major players accelerating over time. A key challenge will be finding, training, and retaining talent.

Macro Trend 3

Biotechnology Revolution

Synthetic biology will drive the next technology cycle, with developments in areas like biodata and biosensors bringing research security and regulatory issues to the forefront.

Macro Trend 4

Resource Divide

Advances in S&T widen resource gaps while driving growth through AI, bio/green tech, and advanced materials. Economic resilience, security, and NATO partnerships will be vital as techno-nationalism rises.

Macro Trend 5

Fragmenting Public Trust

Trust in science, institutions, and governments is increasingly undermined by technology. Strategic communications, digital sovereignty, trustworthy S&T solutions, and improved tech education will be vital in the next 20 years.

Macro Trend 6

Technology Integration & Dependencies

S&T advancements offer solutions but also create unequal access and hinder interoperability. Private-sector innovation further challenges civilian-military integration, potentially leading to unforeseen outcomes.

Explore the full report

Gain the insights you need to navigate tomorrow’s technology-driven world. Read the full report now and be part of the conversation that’s defining our future.

Download the report (EN)Download the report (FR)

Report videos

Decide Today, Secure Tomorrow – A Summary for Policymakers

In a world of rapid change, the decisions made today will shape our future. This video dives into the critical strategic choices that will drive global security, innovation, and resilience.

Shaping Tomorrow's Discoveries: Implications for Innovators

Discover how today’s breakthroughs are paving the way for tomorrow’s discoveries. This video reveals key trends and challenges that will drive innovation and collaboration in science for a sustainable future.

Science and Technology Trends2025-2045